市场竞争、银行市场势力与流动性创造效率——来自中国银行业的证据Market Competition,Banking Market Power and Liquidity Creation Efficiency:Evidence from Chinese Banking Industry
李明辉,黄叶苨,刘莉亚
摘要(Abstract):
商业银行是中国社会融资的主要渠道,银行向社会提供流动性的效率直接决定了社会融资的效率。为弥补流动性创造研究在效率和中观层面的不足,文章采用中国商业银行2000-2015年微观数据,探讨了市场竞争、银行市场势力与流动性创造效率之间的关系,得到以下结论:(1)市场竞争与流动性创造效率之间存在倒U形关系,中国银行业存在最优的市场结构;(2)银行市场势力过强是中国商业银行流动性创造效率较低的重要原因,银行市场势力越强,其流动性创造效率越低;(3)市场竞争程度与市场势力的流动性创造效率系数之间存在不显著的负相关关系,寄希望于通过增强中国银行业竞争程度来改善银行市场势力过强所导致的流动性创造效率过低,作用可能非常有限。中国应沿着"增强商业银行流动性创造能力,扩大直接融资规模"的改革方向继续前进。文章的研究丰富了已有文献,而且为中国银行体系改革的顶层设计提供了重要参考。
关键词(KeyWords): 商业银行;市场竞争;市场势力;流动性创造效率
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金青年项目(71603085);; 中国博士后科学基金面上一等项目(2016M600292);中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目(2017T100280);; 上海并购金融研究院决策咨询课题;; 上海财经大学研究生创新基金项目(CXJJ-2016-307)
作者(Author): 李明辉,黄叶苨,刘莉亚
DOI: 10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.2018.02.008
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- (1)银行市场竞争与银行市场势力是既有联系又有区别的两个专业名词。随着现代金融中介理论研究的深入,越来越多的学者倾向于认为两者是区别大于联系,并已达成如下共识:第一,银行市场竞争是银行经营的外部环境,不以单个银行的意志为转移;第二,银行市场势力度量的是单个银行高于边际成本的定价能力,反映的是银行与客户之间的讨价还价能力,能力越强,则市场势力越高;第三,当市场竞争越充分,银行和客户之间关系越不稳定、客户转换越频繁时,银行市场势力下降越快;第四,现有大部分实证文献均将市场竞争作为宏观或中观指标,银行市场势力作为银行个体的微观指标。
- (2)“赢者诅咒”(winner’s curse)是指当银行业竞争加剧时,银行拿到贷款项目的原因可能是自己比对手对项目的质量更乐观,从而给出了更低的利率,但未来期望现金流却没有那么高(Broecker,1990;Shaffer,1998)。
- (1)从指标构成本质上看,行业集中率和赫芬达尔指数含义基本一致。由于涉及数据加总,最终结果易受数据完整性影响,当微观数据非平衡时,计算出来的行业总水平波动性较大。同时,该指标度量的是行业水平而非银行个体水平。
- (1)模型设置主要根据数据特征和研究问题需要,实证结果显示,只有竞争的一次项时,竞争与流动性创造效率之间无显著相关关系。