子女近邻而居,胜于同一屋檐?——居住安排与中国农村老年人认知健康Living in the Neighborhood or Living Together?Residential Arrangement and Cognitive Health of the Elderly in Rural China
余央央;陈杰;
摘要(Abstract):
文章将子女居住距离纳入农村老人居住模式对认知健康影响的研究范畴。利用中国健康与养老追踪调查数据(CHARLS)和控制可能的内生性偏误后,文章的研究显示:首先,老人夫妻同住比亲子居住更利于其认知健康,但一人独居则难有认知健康收益;其次,夫妻同住且子女同县的近邻居住对老人认知健康最有利,但随着老人年龄增长,子女近邻居住所获得的认知健康收益会逐渐下降;再次,就机制而言,主要源于家庭照料可及性对改善老人认知健康的作用,异质性分析则进一步表明,家庭照料可及性和隐私自由权的健康收益之间存在一定替代关系,且替代关系的边际平衡点在不同老人中存在差异。文章的研究为平衡传统家庭老年照料责任和子女就业发展、促进新型城镇化和"健康老龄化"的协同发展提供了决策依据。
关键词(KeyWords): 居住模式;近邻而居;农村老年人;认知健康
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自科基金委-英国经社理事会联合资助项目(71661137004);; 国家自科基金项目(71573166,71974036,71974125);; 教育部哲社重大课题攻关项目(17JZD028);教育部人文社科项目(19YJA790111);; 上海哲社一般项目(2018BJB017)
作者(Author): 余央央;陈杰;
Email:
DOI: 10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.2020.08.004
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- (1)人类老化过程必然出现认知功能退化,会对经济社会产生较大的负面效应。比如:认知功能退化不仅会影响老年人劳动参与、退休储蓄、投资理财和孙辈照料等个体行为的决策能力,而且还更易出现遭遇诈骗和自残、自杀等影响家庭及社会稳定的问题。认知功能衰退也被认为与阿尔海默兹(失智)、失能等疾病有重要关联性。我国失智老人已从1990年的368万人迅速增加到2010年的920万人,医疗、护理费用负担都在快速加重(Lei和Liu,2018)。
- (1)从全球范围看,经济不发达区域60岁以上老人以亲子居住为主(高达75%),但经济发达区域仅为27%,老人以独立居住为主。
- (2)国内外文献总体上认为经济支持(代际转移)不太受子女居住距离远近影响,但生活照料受影响较大。
- (1)比如:数据显示老人有2个以上子女时,无论是一人独居还是夫妻同住,子女同村比例分别为74.64%和66.47%,但同时有子女同县比例分别为41.04%和39.64%;有子女远距离比例分别为48.38%和51.63%,表明既有子女迁移在同县或更远地方,也有子女留守在同村。
- (1)篇幅所限,未列出被解释变量是认知健康z值的具体回归表格(下文也相同),如有需要可与作者联系。
- (1)我们尝试用子女居住的实际距离(公里)作为距离远近的变量,但一来该变量的缺失值较多,二来存在测量偏误,且与实际可达性并不线性一致,所以最终没有使用此变量。
- (2)限于篇幅,未在文中汇报结果,有需要者请向作者索取。
- (1)受篇幅所限,分性别、教育回归结果未在文中列出,有需要者请向作者索取。