政府债务会影响财政支出的乘数效应吗?——来自跨国面板数据的经验证据Does Government Debt Affect Multiplier Effect of Fiscal Expenditure? A Cross-country Analysis
林峰;赵焱;
摘要(Abstract):
文章在构建一个局部均衡模型的基础上,采用150个国家(地区)2000-2014年的面板数据,实证考察了政府债务对财政支出乘数效应的影响,得到了与理论预期一致的经验证据。结果表明:(1)政府债务会显著影响财政支出的乘数效应。随着政府债务水平的提高,财政支出的乘数效应趋于减弱。尤其是在克服内生性问题之后,这一结论仍然成立;(2)政府债务作用存在显著的非线性特征。当政府债务占GDP的比重突破88%的阈值后,财政支出的乘数效应会在低债务国家和高债务国家之间发生非常迅速的逆向转换;(3)对中国这样的低债务国家,顺周期的财政政策运用是非常有效的。而对美国、希腊等已经处于高债务水平的国家,采取逆周期的财政政策才能避免潜在的经济波动风险。
关键词(KeyWords): 政府债务;财政支出;乘数效应;适度水平
基金项目(Foundation): 广东省自然科学基金项目(2017A030310025);; 中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(XMS03)
作者(Author): 林峰;赵焱;
Email:
DOI: 10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.2018.02.005
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- (1)例如经济危机会导致实际产出下降,进而增加财政支出。
- (1)Giavazzi等(2000)将70%的政府债务占比作为区分高债务国家和低债务国家的阈值,Nickel和Tudyka(2014)则将这一比例提高至90%。
- (2)其他表示基础设施质量的指标,如道路(公路、铁路)里程、港口建设等,数据缺失严重,本文并未选用。
- (1)发达经济体的民主自由程度普遍较高,选民更容易产生“财政幻觉”(fiscal illusion),即在主观上放大了征税带来的“税负痛苦”,进而促使政府增加财政支出,并通过举债来筹集资金(Buchanan,2014)。
- (1)感谢匿名审稿人提出的宝贵建议。
- (1)囿于数据所限,我们只能从财政支出偏向角度间接反映政府债务的源泉,具体机制仍需后续做进一步研究。
- (2)Baltagi和Li(2002)的序列估计量是采用B-spline样条进行估计。
- (1)González等(2005)的初始设定只包含个体固定效应,本文进一步引入了时间固定效应。
- (1)根据财政支出乘数的定义Δgdpp/Δfe,初步测算了中国财政支出乘数的大小。