女性教育优势:基于房价上涨对子代教育支出影响的分析Women's Dominance in Education:An Analysis of the Influence of Housing Price Increase on Children's Educational Expenditure
耿峰;秦雪征;
摘要(Abstract):
近些年来,有关男女平等的话题讨论反映了女性在我国教育领域的优势。已有研究多从女性的教育投入回报较高来解释这一现象,忽视了住房在其中发挥的作用。在我国,房价的大幅上涨与女性在高校在校生中的比例上涨在时间上保持了惊人的一致。因此,从家庭住房资产的角度来分析女性教育优势,对于理解家庭教育投资决策和行为具有重要意义。文章基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)两期面板数据的研究发现:第一,对于只有女孩的家庭,住房价格的上涨会通过"财富效应"促进对子代的教育支出的增加;第二,"遗赠动机"的存在使得生育男孩抑制了住房对子代教育支出的"财富效应",导致家庭住房的升值无法显著地增加子代教育支出,使得女性子代获得了更多的教育支出,进而形成了女性在教育领域的优势。
关键词(KeyWords): 女性教育优势;住房价格;子女教育支出;财富效应;遗赠动机
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自科基金面上项目(71573003);; 北京市社科基金研究基地项目(16JDLJB001)
作者(Author): 耿峰;秦雪征;
Email:
DOI: 10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.2019.04.005
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- (1)由于CHFS的子女教育支出数据是上一年度的支出结果,因此家庭中4-7岁、8-13岁以及14-16岁子女的数量分别表示上一年家庭中3-6岁、7-12岁以及13-15岁子女的数量;CHFS询问了所有16岁以上家庭成员就业情况以及未就业的原因,文中接受高中以上教育的人数是根据问卷中每个家庭中未就业原因选择“在读学生”的成员加总计算得到。
- (1)在我们的样本中,部分收入、资产以及负债变量的观测值为零。对于这些变量,我们在取对数时,对原观测值进行了+1的处理。
- (2)在本文所用的2 715个有效样本户中,仅有596个家庭拥有的房屋全部为商品房,占比为22%。
- (1)除此之外,我们还根据家庭是否拥有多套房进行了类似的分样本回归。分样本之间的回归结果并不存在显著的差异性。可能的原因在于,拥有多套房的家庭太少。
- (1)此处回归方程中的解释变量与式(1)稍有不同,删去了表征家庭中是否有儿子的虚拟变量以及这一虚拟变量与房产价值的交互项。